Immunodeficiency Clinic Resident’s Training Package

1. 1. Immunodeficiency Clinic Overview

HIV Treatment Guidelines

1. 1. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. Updated September 12, 2024.
      Available at: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-arv/whats-new-guidelines

   2. Gandhi RT, Landovitz RJ, Sax PE et al. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV  in Adults: 2024 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel. JAMA 2024 published online December 1, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.24543

      Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2827545

   3. Sherman EM, Agwu AL, Ambrosioni J et al.  Consensus recommendations for use of long-acting antiretroviral medications in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1:  endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Canadian HIV and Viral Hepatitis Pharmacists Network, European AIDS Clinical Society, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.  Pharmacotherapy 2024;44:494-538.
   4. McGowan JP, Fine SM, Vail R et al.  Comprehensive primary care for adults with HIV. NYS Dept of Health AIDS Institute. Last updated March 11, 2025. https://www.hivguidelines.org/hiv-care/primary-care-approach/#tab_0
   5. Horberg M et al.  Primary care guidance for providers of care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus:  2024 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.  Clin Infect Dis 2024; DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa479  https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciae479/7818967
   6. Tkachuk S, Ready E, et al. Role of the pharmacist caring for people at risk of or living with HIV in Canada. Can Pharm J 2024; first published online August 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/17151635241267350

HIV Drug Resistance

1. 1. HIVdb Program:  Mutations Analysis.  Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.
   2. Wensing AM et al.  2025 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.  Top Antivir Med 2025 Mar 4 ahead of print. IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations Chart
   3. CHAP101 Learning Series:  Tackling ART Resistance, L. Robinson (3 x 30 minute modules)
   4. Carr A et al.  HIV drug resistance in the era of contemporary antiretroviral therapy:  a clinical perspective.  Antiviral Ther 2023 Oct:1-15.  HIV drug resistance in the era of contemporary antiretroviral therapy: A clinical perspective – PubMed (nih.gov)
   5. Boucher CA et al.  State of the art in HIV drug resistance:  science and technology knowledge gap.  AIDS Rev 2018;20:27-42.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29628515/
   6. Spach DH.  Evaluation and management of virologic failure.  National HIV Curriculum (last updated 25 Nov 2023).  https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/antiretroviral-therapy/evaluation-management-virologic-failure/core-concept/all
   7. Garcia F et al.  Predicting antiretroviral drug resistance from the latest or cumulative genotype.  Antivir Ther 2011;16:373-82.
   8. Wainberg MA et al. Development of antiretroviral drug resistance. N Engl J Med 2011;365:637-46.  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21848464

Antiretroviral Therapy

1. 1. Antiretroviral therapy overview (modules 1-5).  National HIV Curriculum. https://www.hiv.uw.edu/go/antiretroviral-therapy
   2. The past, present and future of HIV Treatment. Recorded at the British Pharmacological Society’s 90th Anniversary Celebration event on 1 December 2021 Symposium: Pioneers in Drug Discovery & Pharmacology Symposium – Sir Alasdair Breckenridge Talk. Speaker: Professor David Back, University of Liverpool, UK
   3. Grant P.  Agents used in antiretroviral therapy.  inPractice (free registration required) https://www.inpractice.com/Textbooks/HIV/Antiretroviral_Therapy/ch10_pt1_Overview/Chapter-Pages/Page-1?utm_campaign=HIV&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=144834271&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-_FwAy3PfDavdTnTdTXKyXyayRaNOqxZSl4R1qP3W6wWHUsOl6J3PtcOHXSilk3jDkIWJRoxFCp0pfom-ByHzJLLoJ76k8wL4qoARDFLPoPqymlj08&utm_content=144834271&utm_source=hs_email

Managing Aging/Comorbidities in HIV

1. 1. Sangarlangkarn A, Appelbaum JS.  Comprehensive geriatric assessment in older persons with HIV.  Open Forum Infect Dis 2020;7:ofaa485. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7672420/
   2. Allavena C, Hant M, Rev D, et al.  Antiretroviral exposure and comorbidities in an aging HIV-infected population:  the challenge of geriatric patients.  PLoS One 2018;13(9): e0203895. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30240419
   3. Harris TG, Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM.  Achieving the fourth 90:  healthy aging for people living with HIV.  AIDS 2018;32:1563-9.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29762172
   4. Abrass CK, Appelbaum SJ, Boyd CM, et al. Updated: the HIV and Aging Consensus Project. Recommended treatment strategies for clinicians managing older patients with HIV. https://aahivm-education.org/hiv-age/contents
   5. Andany N, Kennedy VL, Aden M, Loutfy ML.  Perspectives on menopause and women with HIV.  Int J Womens Health 2016;8:1-22.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26834498
   6. Swanepoel CR, Atta MG, D’Agati VD et al.  Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.  Kidney Int 2018;93:545-59.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29398134
   7. Biver E, Calmy A, Aubry-Rozier B et al.  Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of bone fragility in people living with HIV:  a position statement from the Swiss Association against Osteoporosis.  Osteoporos Int 2019;30:1125-35.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30603840/
   8. So-Armah K, Benjamin LA, Bloomfield GS, et al.  HIV and cardiovascular disease. Lancet HIV 2020;7:e279-293.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32243826/
   9. Drozd DR, Kitahata MM, Althoff KN et al. Increased risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected individuals in North America compared with the general population.  JAIDS 2017;75:568-76.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28520615
   10. Sarkar S, Brown TT.  Diabetes in people with HIV.  Curr Diab Rep 2021;21: doi: 10.1007/s11892-021-01382-8.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33730223/
   11. Winston A, Spudich S.  Cognitive disorders in people living with HIV.  Lancet HIV 2020;7:e504-513.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32621876/
   12. Shmakova A, Germini D, Vassetzky Y.  HIV-1, HAART and cancer:  a complex relationship.  Int J Cancer 2020;146:2666-2679.
   13. Reid E, Suneja G, Ambinder RF, et al. Cancer in people living with HIV, version 1.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16:986-1017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30099375

Opportunistic Infections

1. 1. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medical Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Last updated April 23, 2025. Available at
      https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

1. 1. Kuhar DT et al. Updated US Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis.  May 23, 2018. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/20711
   2. Tanner MR, O’Shea JG, Byrd KM, et al. Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV — CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025. MMWR Recomm Rep 2025;74(No. RR-1):1–56. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7401a1

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

1. 1. Landovitz RJ et al.  Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV:  updated recommendations from the 2024 International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.  JAMA 2025, published online June 27, 2025.
   2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States—2021 Update: a clinical practice guideline.  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/112360
   3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:  US Public Health Service:  Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States – 2021 update clinical providers’ supplement.  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc112359
   4. Tan DHS, Hull MW, Yoong D, et al.  Canadian guideline on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis.  CMAJ 2017:189:E1448-E1458. http://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/47/E1448

Pregnancy and Perinatal Care

1. 1. Panel on Treatment of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. Last updated June 12, 2025.  Available at https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/whats-new
   2. Eke AC, Mirochnick M, Lockman S.  Antiretroviral therapy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in people living with HIV.  NEJM 2023;388:344-56.  DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra2212877
   3. Loutfy M et al.  A clinical practice guide:  what HIV care providers need to know about HIV pregnancy planning to optimize preconception care for their patients.  JAMMI 2020;5:8-20. https://jammi.utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/jammi.2019-0013

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1. 1. Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections (CGSTI). Last modified: 2024-Dec-23. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/sexually-transmitted-infections.html
   2. Bachmann LH, Barbee LA, Chan P, et al.  CDC clinical guidelines on the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevention, United States, 2024.  MMWR 2024 Jun 6;73(2):1-8.  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc169946
   3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Sexually transmitted infections surveillance 2022.  Atlanta:  US Department of Health and Human Services; January 30, 2024.  https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/147167
   4. Workowski KA et al. CDC Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep 2021 Jul 23;70(4):1-187. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/165389

Mpox

1. 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Clinical treatment of mpox. https://cdc.gov/mpox/hcp/clinical-care/index.html 
   2. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medical Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Mpox chapter.  Last reviewed January 10, 2024.

COVID-19 and People with HIV

1. 1. CDC. Guidance for COVID-19 and people with HIV.   Updated February 22, 2022.
   2. Gulick RM, Pau AK, Daar E et al.  National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel:  Perspectives and Lessons Learned. Ann Intern Med 2024;177:1547-7.
   3. NIH.  COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines; final iteration February 29, 2024.
   4. British HIV Association.  Coronavirus (COVID-19) and HIV:  BHIVA statements. https://www.bhiva.org/Coronavirus-COVID-19

Management of Hepatitis C

1. 1. AASLD/IDSA/IAS–USA. HCV Guidance: Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C.
      https://www.hcvguidelines.org/contents
   2. Abutaleb A, Sherman KE.  A changing paradigm:  management and treatment of the HCV/HIV-co-infected patient.  Hepatol Int 2018;12:500-9.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30238230

SHARE:  Synthesized HIV/AIDS Research Evidence  SHARE – Synthesized HIV/AIDS Research Evidence (hivevidence.org)

GIPA, MIPA, MIWA, the Denver Principles, People’s First Charter

1. 1. GIPA, MIPA and the Denver Principles.  Vancouver Island PWA Society.

   2. The Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV (GIPA) Policy Brief.  UNAIDS, 10 Apr 2007.
   3. Mainstreaming the Principle of Meaningful Involvement of People Living With or Affected by HIV/AIDS (MIPA) into HIV/AIDS Programming.  Southern Africa HIV/AIDS Information Dissemination Service.
   4. Osborne Z, Habanyama M, Cameron B et al.  Meaningful Engagement as a Cornerstone for Implementing the Key Recommendations to Advance the Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living With HIV Across Policy, Practice, and Research in Canada.  JIAPAC, first published January 2025.
   5. People’s First Charter. PFC Recommended HIV Terminology, 7 February 2022.
   6. UNAIDS Terminology Guidelines UNAIDS Terminology Guidelines | UNAIDS
   7. The First Nations Principles of OCAP (ownership, control, access, and possession).